ITALY-
*SURROUNDED BY WATER!!!
*In the center of Europe
*not under one king-had many states (flexability)
all good for trading of goods and ideas contributing reasons for why the Renaissance began and thrived in Italy
Communes=free cities that dominated political life (14th century). Most north. Italy
Regional States—dominated communes (highly competitive, single metropolis=better)
Milan Gian Galeazzo Visconti (r. 1378-1402)
-attacks, negotiations, Po Valley, E Italy Coast
-kept Venetians and Florentines divided
-Vicar and Duke from emperor (about to be king, but DIE)
-enormous tax revenues
-sons couldn’t protect inheritance
Florence
-Principal banking center in Europe, luxury goods
-florin one of most reliable currencies Medici Family
Cosimo de Medici= 1434 begin boss rule with repub. Façade
Political appointments to gain and hold favor
Tax favored lower class/middle class. (Middle class in offices)
Learning and the arts standard
Lorenzo the Magnificent (Cosimo's grandson 1469-1492; strengthed centralized control over the city)
Fought back Florentine death plots
Elegant, lavish art, festivals
Venice
-Northern empire, east med.
-Wealthy, TRADE
-Asia goods (pepper, cloves)
-Oligarchy 150 families, cohesive, elect doge
-Doge=head of govnt, old to increase turnover
-Navy = largest industrial enterprise in europe
5% adults employed by navy complex/ship/arms building
-Hub for travelers and pilgrims, haven for artisans, women work too!
-ducat currency replaced Florence standard mid 1400s
-started moving inland in 15th century
Papal States
-Papacy moved to Avignon in S. France harder to move central Italy again in 1378
-try to pacify turmoil central=drain of money/resources
-Martin V (1417-1431) relative stability
Naples and Sicily Alfonso V-King of Aragon
United S Italy (1435 take Sicily)
Reform taxes
Suppress factions of lawless nobles
Lands difficult to subdue
Naples becomes brilliant cultural center
_Balance of Power_
-Relations tense clashed over trade and territory
-Diplomatic Balance of power
-The Peace of Londi (1454)-ended war Milan, Florence and Venice
-Milan Naples Florence vs Venice and Papal States
The States of Italy
ITALY-
*SURROUNDED BY WATER!!!
*In the center of Europe
*not under one king-had many states (flexability)
all good for trading of goods and ideas contributing reasons for why the Renaissance began and thrived in Italy
Communes=free cities that dominated political life (14th century). Most north. Italy
Regional States—dominated communes (highly competitive, single metropolis=better)
Milan
Gian Galeazzo Visconti (r. 1378-1402)
-attacks, negotiations, Po Valley, E Italy Coast
-kept Venetians and Florentines divided
-Vicar and Duke from emperor (about to be king, but DIE)
-enormous tax revenues
-sons couldn’t protect inheritance
Florence
-Principal banking center in Europe, luxury goods
-florin one of most reliable currencies
Medici Family
Cosimo de Medici= 1434 begin boss rule with repub. Façade
Political appointments to gain and hold favor
Tax favored lower class/middle class. (Middle class in offices)
Learning and the arts standard
Lorenzo the Magnificent (Cosimo's grandson 1469-1492; strengthed centralized control over the city)
Fought back Florentine death plots
Elegant, lavish art, festivals
Venice
-Northern empire, east med.
-Wealthy, TRADE
-Asia goods (pepper, cloves)
-Oligarchy 150 families, cohesive, elect doge
-Doge=head of govnt, old to increase turnover
-Navy = largest industrial enterprise in europe
- 5% adults employed by navy complex/ship/arms building
-Hub for travelers and pilgrims, haven for artisans, women work too!-ducat currency replaced Florence standard mid 1400s
-started moving inland in 15th century
Papal States
-Papacy moved to Avignon in S. France harder to move central Italy again in 1378
-try to pacify turmoil central=drain of money/resources
-Martin V (1417-1431) relative stability
Naples and Sicily
Alfonso V-King of Aragon
United S Italy (1435 take Sicily)
Reform taxes
Suppress factions of lawless nobles
Lands difficult to subdue
Naples becomes brilliant cultural center
_Balance of Power_
-Relations tense clashed over trade and territory
-Diplomatic Balance of power
-The Peace of Londi (1454)-ended war Milan, Florence and Venice
-Milan Naples Florence vs Venice and Papal States
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